United States · Washington

How to issue shares in Washington corporations

Washington is the state of incorporation for several major US technology companies and is a common choice for Pacific-Northwest-focused private corporations. The WA Business Corporation Act follows the Model Business Corporation Act with Washington-specific variations.

Governing statute
Washington Business Corporation Act, RCW Title 23B
WA BCA § 23B.06.200Subscriptions for shares
WA BCA § 23B.06.210Issuance of shares
WA BCA § 23B.06.250Stock certificates; uncertificated shares
WA BCA § 23B.16.010Corporate records
WA BCA § 23B.16.020Inspection of records by shareholders
RCW 21.20.320Washington Securities Act exemptions
At a glance
  • Authorized by the board under WA BCA § 23B.06.210
  • Future services and promissory notes permitted as consideration
  • Uncertificated shares permitted under § 23B.06.260
  • Inspection rights under § 23B.16.020 with proper-purpose standard
  • Washington Securities Act under RCW 21.20 for state filings

Board authorization under WA BCA § 23B.06.210

Stock issuance is authorized by the board under Washington Business Corporation Act § 23B.06.210. The board determines the consideration. WA BCA permits a broad range of consideration similar to other MBCA-based statutes: tangible or intangible property, services rendered, contracts for services to be performed, promissory notes, and other benefits to the corporation.

Consideration: broad permission including future services and notes

Like Florida, Texas, and Nevada (all MBCA-influenced), Washington permits consideration in the form of promissory notes and future services. The board determines value and the determination is conclusive absent fraud. Washington-incorporated corporations may rely on this breadth more freely than Delaware corporations can.

Uncertificated shares under § 23B.06.260

Washington Business Corporation Act § 23B.06.260 permits the corporation to issue uncertificated shares by board resolution. The corporation provides a statement of holdings rather than physical certificates. Most modern Washington-incorporated corporations are uncertificated by default.

Corporate records and inspection under §§ 23B.16.010 and 23B.16.020

WA BCA § 23B.16.010 requires every corporation to maintain corporate records including articles, bylaws, minutes, consents, and a shareholder list. § 23B.16.020 grants shareholders an inspection right on written notice 5 business days in advance, with the demand stating purpose with reasonable particularity. The standard is similar to Florida (also MBCA-based) and is less restrictive than Nevada's 15% threshold.

Washington Securities Act compliance

Offerings to Washington residents are governed by the Washington Securities Act (RCW 21.20). RCW 21.20.320 lists exemptions including the limited offering and accredited investor exemptions. NSMIA pre-empts WSA for Rule 506 offerings but not the notice filing. The Washington Department of Financial Institutions administers the Act.

Common mistakes

Common Washington-specific failure points in share issuance:

  • Failing to file the Washington Securities Act notice for offerings to Washington residents
  • Not maintaining the § 23B.16.010 corporate records inventory
  • Inspection demand from shareholders without 5-business-day advance written notice
  • Treating Washington as if it were Delaware on inspection or fiduciary-duty questions
In Octelligence
A share register that's right for Washington.

Octelligence handles WA BCA specifics in the share register, certificates, board resolutions, and beneficial-ownership filings: jurisdiction-aware templates, statute citations on each record, and the right reconciliation cadence for the corporation.

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FAQ

Common questions in Washington

Less common than Delaware but a notable choice for Washington-headquartered corporations that prefer to incorporate in their state of operations to avoid the Delaware franchise tax and the qualification-to-do-business filings in Washington. Microsoft, Amazon, and several other major Washington tech companies were originally Washington-incorporated and later moved to Delaware as they scaled. For venture-backed startups today, Delaware remains the dominant choice.

WA BCA § 23B.16.020 grants shareholders an inspection right on 5-business-day written notice describing purpose with reasonable particularity. The standard is similar to DGCL § 220 (proper-purpose) but with the explicit 5-day notice requirement. Washington's regime is more restrictive than California (no proper-purpose requirement) and more permissive than Nevada (no 15% threshold).

Washington does not have a dedicated business court equivalent to Delaware Chancery. Commercial disputes are handled by superior court in the relevant county. King County Superior Court is the primary venue for major Washington commercial litigation given the concentration of major corporations in the Seattle area.
Records that comply with WA BCA
Issue shares the right way in Washington.

Octelligence handles WA BCA-specific share issuance: register, certificates, resolutions, and beneficial-ownership records aligned with statute.